Politics

Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group. It involves making laws, rules and regulations that are applicable to a group of people or a nation. Politics is the art of running a government or organization and making sure that it is functioning well. It is also the study of the distribution of power and resources within a given society. At its most basic level, politics is the formation of policies, laws and regulations that govern a nation or a group of people. It also involves the negotiation and implementation of these policies, laws and regulations.

In a democratic society, politics is largely determined by the people, who elect representatives to represent their interests in government. Politics is also the science of government, which studies the nature and function of government, its relationship to society, and its impact on citizens. Political science examines the behavior of different groups and individuals in political settings, and the ways in which they interact with each other. Political scientists also study the political systems of different countries and how they affect their citizens. Politics is also a practical activity, with the goal of creating a better society. In this sense, politicians are involved in developing and enacting laws, regulations and policies that will ultimately benefit the public.

Introduction of Politics / Political Thought

Political thought is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, it may be used positively in the context of a “political solution” which is compromising and nonviolent, descriptively as “the art or science of government”, but also often carries a negative connotation, for example, abolitionist Wendell Phillips declared that “we do not play politics; anti-slavery is no half-jest with us. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and whether conflict or cooperation is more essential to it http://blcieindia.in/.

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, a variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one’s own political views among people, negotiating with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies institutions sovereign states, to the international level. In modern nation-states, people often form political parties to represent their ideas. Members of a party often agree to take the same position on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders. An election is usually a competition between different parties.

Political thought / system is a framework that defines acceptable political methods within a society. The history of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such as Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Politics in the West, and Confucius’s political manuscripts Chanakya’s Arthashastra in the East (digitalkatiyarharpal.in).

Politics Live

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, politics Live is a BBC News political program that launched on 3 September 2018. It is presented by Jo Coburn and features at least four guests debating the political stories of the day, as well as reports and other content. It is broadcast on BBC2 on weekdays at 12:15 (11:15 on Wednesdays), with the Fridays being used for highlights from proceedings from the UK Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, Senedd the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The series replaced Daily Politics which ran in the same time slot until July 2018. In the announcement, the BBC stated that the new series “will offer viewers a fast-moving, conversational show, featuring a blend of political interviews, discussion and video content designed to be shared digitally, ensuring Politics Live connects with the lives of people around the country. An extended program of 105 minutes is broadcast on Wednesdays, to include live coverage of the Prime Minister’s Questions.

The program is not broadcast at weekends or when Parliament is in recess, or for other occasions such as a Queen’s Speech.

History of political thought

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, the history of political thought dates back to antiquity while the history of the world and thus the history of political thinking by humans stretches up through the European Medieval period and the Renaissance. In the Age of Enlightenment, political entities expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and communist systems that exist in the Industrialized and the Modern Era. In parallel, political systems have expanded from vaguely defined frontier-type boundaries to the definite boundaries existing today. The history of political thought has often overlapped with the history of philosophy.

The political history of the world

Political thought/history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders. Throughout history, political systems have expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and totalitarian systems that exist today. In parallel, political entities have expanded from vaguely defined frontier-type boundaries to the national definite boundaries existing today.

Political system

Political thought/system defines the process for making official government decisions. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems. According to David Easton, “A political system can be designated as the interactions through which values are authoritatively allocated for a society. Each political system is embedded in a society with its own political culture, and they in turn shape their politics through public policy. The interactions between different political systems are the basis for global politics (digitalkatiyarharpal. in).

Constitutions

Digitalkatiyarharpal.in, constitutions are written documents that specify and limit the powers of the different branches of government. Although a constitution is a written document, there is also an unwritten constitution. The unwritten constitution is continually being written by the legislative and judiciary branch of government; this is just one of those cases in which the nature of the circumstances determines the form of government that is most appropriate, England did set the fashion of written constitutions during the civil war but after the Restoration abandoned them to be taken up later by the American colonies after their emancipation and then France after the revolution and the rest of Europe including the European colonies.

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, Constitutions often set out separation of powers, dividing the government into the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary in order to achieve checks and balances within the state. Additional independent branches may also be created, including civil service commissions, election commissions, and supreme audit institutions.

Political culture

Digitalkatiyarharpal.in, political thought, culture describes how culture impacts politics. Every political system is embedded in a particular political culture. Lucian Pye’s definition is that “Political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments, which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system”.

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, trust is a major factor in political culture, as its level determines the capacity of the state to function,  Post materialism is the degree to which political culture is concerned with issues that are not of immediate physical or material concern, such as human rights and environmentalism. Religion has also an impact on political culture.

When did politics start in India?

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, though India became a free nation on August 15, 1947, it declared itself a Sovereign, Democratic and Republic state with the adoption of the Constitution on January 26, 1950.

The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India, drafted by a committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, on 26 November 1949. India became a sovereign democratic republic after its constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Political factions or parties began to form during the struggle over ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787.

Although this Athenian democracy would survive for only two centuries, its invention by Cleisthenes, “The Father of Democracy,” was one of ancient Greece’s most enduring contributions to the modern world. The Greek system of direct democracy would pave the way for representative democracies across the globe and the father of – B. R. Ambedkar. Mother of India- Sarojini Naidu (Nightingale of India).

Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama becomes the first European to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean when he arrives at Calicut on the Malabar Coast. Da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, in July 1497, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and anchored at Malindi on the east coast of Africa.

The First Party System of the United States featured the “Federalist Party” and the “Anti-federalist Party” (which became known as the “Democratic-Republican Party” and was sometimes called “Jeffersonian Republican”).

Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government. Generally, an overarching national government is responsible for the broader governance of larger territorial areas, while the smaller subdivisions, states, and cities govern the issues of local concern.

India had its first general election in 1951, which was won by the Indian National Congress, a political thought/party that went on to dominate subsequent elections until 1977 when a non-Congress government was formed for the first time in independent India.

Who designed the flag of India? The design of the flag of India that was first presented in 1921 to Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the All-India Congress, was created by Pingali (or Play) Venkayya. It consisted of the colors associated with the two principal religions, red for Hindus and green for Muslims.

Latest Politics of India

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, the latest political thought of India works within the framework of the country’s Constitution. India is a parliamentary democratic secular republic in which the president of India is the head of state & first citizen of India and the prime minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government, although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system, i.e. federal in nature that consists of the central authority at the center and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organizational powers and limitations of both central and state governments; it is well recognized, fluid, and considered supreme, i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it.

There is a provision for a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), which represents the states of the Indian federation, and a lower house, the Lok Sabha (House of the People), which represents the people of India as a whole. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary, which is headed by the Supreme Court. The court’s mandate is to protect the Constitution, settle disputes between the central government and the states, settle inter-state disputes, nullify any central or state laws that go against the Constitution, protect the fundamental rights of citizens, issue writs for their enforcement in cases of violation.

There are 543 members in the Lok Sabha, who are elected using plurality voting (first past the post) system from 543 single-member constituencies. There are 245 members in the Rajya Sabha, out of which 233 are elected through indirect elections by a single transferable vote by the members of the state legislative assemblies; 12 other members are elected/nominated by the President of India. Governments are formed through elections held every five years (unless otherwise specified), by parties that secure a majority of members in their respective lower houses (Lok Sabha in the central government and Vidhan Sabha in states). India had its first general election in 1951, which was won by the Indian National Congress, a political party that went on to dominate subsequent elections until 1977 when a non-Congress government was formed for the first time in independent India. The 1990s saw the end of single-party domination and the rise of coalition governments. The latest 17th Lok Sabha elections were conducted in seven phases from 11 April 2019 to 19 May 2019 by the Election commission of India. That election once again brought back single-party rule in the country, with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) being able to claim a majority in the Lok Sabha.

Digitalkatiyarharpal. in, in recent decades, Indian politics has become a dynastic affair. Possible reasons for this could be the party stability, absence of party organizations, independent civil society associations that mobilize support for the parties, and centralized financing of elections.